Rome FAO Summit: False Solutions to Food Crisis
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Address by José Ramón Machado Ventura, vice-president of Cuba’s Councils of State and Ministers, to the high-level conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy.
(English translation by Climate and Capitalism, from Juventud Rebelde, June 4, 2008)
Two years ago, in this very hall, the international community agreed to eradicate world hunger. It adopted a goal of halving the number of malnourished people by 2015. Today that modest and inadequate goal seems like a pipe-dream.
The world food crisis is not a circumstantial phenomenon. Its recent appearance in such serious form, in a world that produces enough food for all its inhabitants, clearly reveals that the crisis is systemic and structural.
Hunger and malnourishment are the result of an international economic order that maintains and deepens poverty, inequality and injustice.
It is undeniable that the countries of the North bear responsibility for the hunger and malnourishment of 854 million people. They imposed trade liberalisation and financial rules that demanded structural adjustment, on a world composed of clearly unequal actors. They brought ruin to many small producers in the South and turned self-sufficient and even exporting nations into net importers of food products.
The governments of developed countries refuse to eliminate their outrageous agricultural subsidies while imposing their rules of international trade on the rest of the world. Their voracious transnational corporations set prices, monopolise technologies, impose unfair certification processes on trade, and manipulate distribution channels, sources of financing, trade and supplies for the production of food worldwide. They also control transportation, scientific research, gene banks and the production of fertilisers and pesticides.
The worst of it all is that, if things continue as they are, the crisis will become even more serious. The production and consumption patterns of developed countries are accelerating global climate change, threatening humanity’s very existence. These patterns must be changed. The irrational attempt to perpetuate these disastrous forms of consumerism is behind the sinister strategy of transforming grains and cereals into fuels.
The Non-Aligned Countries Summit in Havana called for the establishment of a peaceful and prosperous world and a just and equitable international order. This is the only way to an end to the food crisis.
The right to food is an inalienable human right. Since 1997, this has been confirmed on Cuba’s initiative by successive resolutions adopted by the former Commission on Human Rights and later by the Council and the UN General Assembly. Our country, representing the Non-Aligned Movement, and with the support of more than two thirds of UN member states, also proposed the calling of a seventh special session of the Human Rights Council, which has just called for concrete actions to address the world food crisis.
Hunger and malnourishment cannot be eradicated through palliatives, nor with symbolic donations which — let us be honest — will not satisfy peoples’ needs and will not be sustainable.
At the very least, agricultural production in South countries must first be rebuilt and developed. The developed countries have more than enough resources to do this. What’s required is the political will of their governments.
I bring this message from Cuba, a country ferociously blockaded but standing proudly by its principles and the unity of its people: yes, we can successfully confront this food crisis, but only if we go to the root of the problem, address its real causes and reject demagogy, hypocrisy and false promises.
Allow me to conclude by recalling the words of Fidel Castro, when he addressed the UN General Assembly in New York in October 1979:
“The din of weapons, of threatening language, and of arrogance on the international scene must cease. Abandon the illusion that the problems of the world can be solved by nuclear weapons. Bombs may kill the hungry, the sick and the uneducated, but bombs cannot kill hunger, disease and illiteracy.”
Thank you very much.
Related Reading
More articles on the global food crisis at http://links.org.au/taxonomy/term/100
For more information, see these Socialist Voice pamphlets (PDF):
Caracas, June 6, 2008, (venezuelanalysis.com) – Venezuela, along with Argentina, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Bolivia, criticised the final declaration of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Summit in Rome on Thursday, arguing that the document failed to identify the true causes of rising food prices, such as agricultural subsidies and unequal trade policies imposed by developed countries.
The declaration at the summit, which saw some 6.5 billion dollars
pledged to boost agricultural production in developing countries, vowed
to cut “by half the number of undernourished people by no later than
2015.”
However, the Latin American nations objected to the lack of concrete
measures within the document and its failure to mention the need to cut
subsidies and tariffs in developed nations.
The Argentine government, which was the first to criticize the
declaration, said in a statement: “Appropriate cures can’t result from
mistaken diagnosis… Argentina is formally registering its
dissatisfaction with a text that, while dealing with the question of
food security, doesn’t include a single reference that uses the term
‘agricultural subsidies’.”
“The elevated production and exportation subsidies and the application
of exorbitant trade barriers, as well as conditions imposed by
international financial organisations on developing countries, are the
principal reasons why the correct signals have not been sent so that
farmers in the poor countries maintain their commitment to agricultural
production,” the statement continued.
Venezuelan ambassador to the FAO, Gladys Urbaneja Duran, also objected
to the document saying it lacked a “genuine humanitarian spirit,” and
aimed to present world hunger as merely a circumstantial crisis, when
in reality it reflects a structural problem linked to the capitalist
system and its mode of production and consumption.
The current food crisis “is the biggest demonstration of the historical
failure of the capitalist model,” Urbaneja argued in the debate
yesterday.
Urbaneja rejected the position of the US delegation, which claimed the
reason for the current food crisis was rapidly increasing demand from
India and China.
“The main reason for the rise in food prices isn’t growing demand from
the Indian and Chinese markets, or the rise in petroleum prices,” she
countered, “The main reason is that food has been turned into yet
another object of market speculation.”
The key factors weakening local economics in developing countries are
free trade treaties and the flooding of markets by US produce Urbaneja
said.
According to FAO Director-General Jacques Diouf, between $11 billion
and $12 billion a year is spent on agriculture subsidies and
restrictive tariff policies.
In the absence of “clear commitments” the Venezuelan delegate feared
that the final declaration could become a “significant setback.”
“We missed an opportunity to take a firm and clear step in the struggle against the scourge of hunger,” Urbaneja concluded.
Since the beginning of 2007, world food prices have increased 60
percent, sparking riots in more than 30 countries, including Cameroon,
Haiti, and Egypt that depend on imported food.
Another key debate at the summit was the question of bio-fuels.
Bio-fuels are promoted by the US as an alternative to fossil fuels;
however, others argued that bio-fuel production, as well as being
environmentally damaging, diverts vast amounts of land and resources
from food production and will exacerbate the food crisis.
The declaration simply stated that bio-fuels present both “challenges and opportunities” and called for further research.
Orlando Requeijo, Cuban vice-minister for foreign investment and
economic cooperation, criticised the US’s “sinister bio-fuels policy”
and said the outcome is the result of a “lack of political will from
northern countries to promote a just and lasting solution to the world
food crisis.”
While the Latin American countries did not block the adoption of the
final text, they presented their criticisms and objections in a
separate addendum.
In a further statement yesterday, Venezuelan Foreign Minister Nicolás
Maduro said “concrete responses” were necessary “in order to obtain
concrete results in the short, medium, and long term.”
“In the face of the international food crisis… the Bolivarian
Government of President Hugo Chavez has advanced with concrete
projects, both within our country and through the framework of the
Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas [a fair trade treaty initiated
by Venezuela as an alternative to the US backed Free Trade Agreement of
the Americas],” he sustained.
The Venezuelan government has made efforts to minimize the impact of
the world food crisis within the country through the government
subsidized food chain, Mercal, and PDVAL, a state owned food
distribution company, and two months ago signed a food security treaty
with ALBA member nations.
Maduro assured that Venezuela would raise further concrete proposals at
upcoming multilateral meetings, including the next PetroCaribe Summit
and an Agro-Food Summit soon to take place in Venezuela.
“These series of proposals will allow the construction of a response to
the agricultural and food crisis from the perspective of a new,
advanced social model of solidarity, which will overcome the
limitations of the international capitalist system of production and
consumption that has brought humanity to the biggest food crisis
known,” he said.
Source URL: http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/
Printed: June 11th 2008
License: Published under a Creative Commons license (by-nc-nd). See creativecommons.org for more information.
Rome, June 5 (Prensa Latina) Cuba decried on Thursday the
Declaration of the Rome Summit on Food Security, describing
it as "the result of the lack of political will of the
countries of the North" to promote a fair, lasting solution
to the issue.
The United States, the only country opposing the right to
food, was the main responsible for dashing the hopes the
international community had harboured on this conference,
the Cuban delegation said.
Cuban Deputy Minister for Foreign Investment and Economic
Cooperation, Orlando Requeijo, stressed that the text lacks
a fairly objective diagnosis of essential causes of hunger
in the world.
"The responsibility of industrializad powers is evident in
this unacceptable state of things," he said, after
referring to the strategy of turning grains and cereals
into fuel and the impact of farm subsidies.
Requeijo also referred to the effect of production and
consumption patterns of the North on climate change and the
consequences of financial speculation on the increase of
food prices.
Cuba cannot be silent to become an accomplice of a
demagogical and opportunist representation such as this.
Lack of action and omission in the fulfilment of duty (?)
will not save the lives and dignity of 862 million hungry
people in the world, he stressed.
He affirmed, however, that the Caribbean island will not
reject consensus and at the same time he reiterated its
support to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
and to its director general, Jacques Diouf.