Thailand: In 2012 lèse majesté will be litmus test for democracy
Yingluck Shinawatra tours flood-ravaged areas with army commander-in-chief General Prayut Chan-ocha.
By Giles Ji Ungpakorn
January 2, 2012 – Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal – In July 2011 millions of Red Shirts turned out to vote for the Pheu Thai party, headed by Yingluck Shinawatra. The party won a landslide majority despite various attempts by the military, the media and the elites to place obstacles in the path of the party's victory. The election result was a slap in the face for the military and the “party of the military” (the mis-named Democrat Party).
But the signs were bad for the Red Shirts from the beginning. The new government did nothing about the Red Shirt political prisoners and the important issue of bringing ex-prime minister Abhisit, his deputy Sutep and the military generals Prayut [army commander-in-chief Prayuth Chan-ocha] and Anupong to justice for their key roles in gunning down nearly 90 pro-democracy civilians in 2010.
As Thailand was inundated by the worst flooding in half a century, Yingluck was seen in friendly poses with General Prayut, touring the flood areas. She also welcomed cooperation with Abhisit. Many naïve Red Shirts said that we should be patient and wait because the flooding was a serious crisis which the new government had to deal with before addressing democracy, freedom of speech and justice, which had all been trampled underfoot by the military ever since the 2006 coup.
The Yingluck government talked constantly about “reconciliation” with the conservatives, but the conservatives never reciprocated. They frustrated the government’s flood rescue work and used the floods to accuse the government of “incompetence”. The extreme royalists in the Democrat Party, the military and other sections of elite society also kept up a constant barrage about Pheu Thai and Red Shirt “republicanism”.
The republican mood that has swept through the Red Shirts, but not through the Pheu Thai Party, has been created by the royalists themselves, ever since the 2006 coup. Every repressive act was justified on the grounds that it was “for the king”. As a result, millions of Red Shirts even came to believe that the king had engineered the floods to punish Pheu Thai and the Red Shirts. The enfeebled king, sitting in his hospital apartment for the last few years, was never strong willed enough to organise any political action. Now he can hardly talk or stand up. But the military and the conservatives are happy to use him as a puppet.
The reality of Pheu Thai's talk of reconciliation is that the government, and deposed former PM Thaksin Shinawatra [believed to be the real power behind Yingluck] himself, have done a deal with the military and the conservatives. So reconciliation means capitulation to the conditions laid down by the military. The government has no intention of bringing the state murderers of 2010 to justice. They could easily start prosecutions inside Thailand or at the very least pass a cabinet resolution asking the International Criminal Court to step in and take action. This they will not do. They will also not release Red Shirt political prisoners.
Lèse majesté
One of the most disgusting actions taken by the new government is to increase political repression against dissidents and any unfortunate people who fall foul of the lèse majesté law and the computer crimes law. More and more people are being prosecuted and jailed. A 60-year-old man was recently imprisoned for 20 years for supposedly sending text messages. The evidence was extremely questionable. Many other individuals are refused bail while awaiting trial and made to appear in a number of different courts throughout the country in chains. This is now causing outrage among progressive Thais, some of whom are not Red Shirts.
The two odious politicians who are most responsible for pushing for more lèse majesté repression are ICT Minister Anudit and deputy prime minister Chalerm. Chalerm is a known gangster politician who made sure his gangster son avoided prosecution for shooting a policeman in a pub brawl. Meanwhile, the generals and Democrat Party politicians are braying for more blood. All those progressive Thai citizens who propose legal reforms are told to “leave Thailand” because they don’t conform to conservative culture. The irony is that all this “verbal fascism” was going on during the ridiculous funeral ceremony for North Korea’s Kim Jong Il. Maybe the conservative Thais should move to North Korea.
Reform?
The chairperson of the Democrat Party appointed “Truth and Reconciliation Committee”, the conservative lawyer Kanit Na Nakorn, has suggested that lèse majesté should be “reformed” so that the maximum punishment would be seven years in jail and lèse majesté could only be used on the say so of the palace secretary. But Kanit Na Nakorn deliberately misses the point. Lèse majesté is an authoritarian law which tramples on the freedom of speech. It protects public figures like the king from any accountability or transparency, and more importantly it protects the military because it always hides behind the king. It is a law that is fundamentally against democracy.
There are also some small details about lèse majesté sentencing. Many people have been sentenced on more than one charge and the sentences are added together. So someone could still go to jail for 30 years! There is also the question of the palace secretary who is bound to be an army appointee.
Kanit justifies this maintenance of lèse majesté with the usual rubbish about the need to conform to “Thai culture”. Yet no society has a single culture. The Thai culture of the conservatives involves grovelling on the floor to royalty and severe repression and exploitation of the population by the elites. It also involves the elites' “divine right” to murder pro-democracy citizens. Opposed to this is the democratic culture of most Red Shirt citizens, which has been growing over the last few years and developed out of a long Thai tradition of resistance to the elites since the 1930s.
Even these weak reforms proposed by Kanit are vigorously opposed by Chalerm, who is eager to please his military masters.
Abolish lèse majesté
The problem is that many weak-willed, well-meaning Thai reformers also miss the point about the fundamentally authoritarian nature of lèse majesté. They fall for the “Thai culture” nonsense and are fearful of calling for the total abolition of the law. But without abolishing lèse majesté there can be no democracy. Thai citizens cannot even ask whether the constitutional monarchy should protect the constitution and an elected government from a military coup!
At the start of 2012, it is clear that Pheu Thai has stabbed the Red Shirts in the back and is attempting an elite agreement in order to protect the old order. The use of elections in order to create the image of democratic change, while maintaining the old order is also an Egyptian phenomenon. Both Pheu Thai and the Muslim Brotherhood are expected to police the democracy movement.
What is perhaps more worrying is that the UDD leadership of the Red Shirt movement has decided to do nothing and let the movement die. All they talk about is protecting the government from a “coup”. But the military do not need to stage a coup. The new government is a more efficient tool to stop change than the Democrat Party!
So it will be up to rank and file Red Shirts to push the democratic agenda forward. Political progress in Thailand will be measured by whether we can get lèse majesté abolished, punish those who ordered and shot down unarmed protestors and whether we can achieve the release all political prisoners.
We must never forget this.
[Giles Ji Ungpakorn is a political commentator and dissident. In February 2009 he had to leave Thailand for exile in Britain because he was charged with lèse majesté for writing a book criticising the 2006 military coup. He is a member of Left Turn Thailand, a socialist organisation. His latest book, Thailand’s Crisis and the Fight for Democracy, will be of interest to activists, academics and journalists who watch Thai politics, democratisation and NGOs. His website is at http://redthaisocialist.com/.]
The disgrace that is the Thai National Human Rights Commission
By Giles Ji Ungpakorn
April 6, 2012
That UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon would choose to condemn the anti-government rebels in the South who planted the recent bombs, while remaining quiet about Thai Government policy in the region, is not surprising. After all, the UN represents governments which repress and murder citizens. But the fact that the Thai National Human Rights Commission has come out with a statements condemning those who planted the bombs and stated that the Commission “fully supports all government measures to maintain law and order in the South” is an absolute disgrace.
As recently as January 2012, Government troops gunned down 4 innocent civilians in the South and all Thai Governments have a terrible record of torture, abuse and murder of southern Malay Muslims. One of the worst incidents took place in 2004 when nearly 90 unarmed civilians were murdered by security forces at Takbai. This is what “maintaining law and order” means in practice.
The National Human Rights Commission made absolutely no analysis of the political causes of the southern conflict. The main reason for this civil war is the violent oppression of Muslim Malays by the Thai State for over a century. (For a detailed analysis of the Civil War in the South, see http://redthaisocialist.com/english-article/36-southernthailand/47-the-… .
The Commission remained silent when the Army and the Democrat Party gunned down pro-democracy red shirt civilians in 2010. It has refused to campaign for the abolition of the draconian Lèse Majesté law which is used to defend the Military and the Monarchy and is a gross abuse of the freedom of speech. The Commission also has refused to campaign for the release of political prisoners. The reason for all this is that the National Human Rights Commission is not a genuine body independent of the Thai State. Its members are royalists, military men and pro-coup NGO types who have no concept of defending oppressed citizens against the State.
Taksin says “NO” to prosecution of killers of Red Shirts
By Giles Ji Ungpakorn
April 24, 2012 -- In an interview with Jom Petpradab in Cambodia on 17th April, Taksin Shinawat confirmed that “reconciliation” means that “those who killed 91 people do not have to go to jail”. You can see him saying this in the 7th minute of the video below.
In Bangkok in April and May 2010, the Military, hand in hand with the Abhisit Government, deliberately deployed armed troops and snipers to kill unarmed Red Shirt protestors who were demanding a return to democracy. A handful of soldiers were also killed by a hand grenade in April, probably by a rival military faction.
In July 2011, Taksin’s sister, Yingluk, and her Pua Thai Party, won a landslide election victory. Millions of Red Shirt supporters made this happen. Yet, immediately after their election victory the Government began increasing the use of the Lèse Majesté law against more radical Red Shirts who oppose the Monarchy-Military alliance. The non-political Aa-Kong, a 60 year old man, was caught up in this as well, being sent to prison for supposedly sending text messages. Those facing Lèse Majesté trials have repeatedly been denied bail. Yingluk was also photographed in many “best friend poses” with General Prayut Junocha, head of the Army. He is one of the guilty men who caused the 2010 blood bath. Government Ministers have stated very clearly that they will not support any amendment of Lèse Majesté. This is in direct opposition to the growing campaign against Lèse Majesté and attempts by progressive law academics to reform the Constitution by getting rid of military-initiated laws after the 2006 coup.
Taksin and his Pua Thai Party, which he advises from abroad, have always proclaimed their loyalty to the King. This is hardly surprising since all the Thai elites, including the Military, the business leaders and the politicians, all use the weak King to legitimise what they do. A key “coordinator” in all this is the President of the Privy Council, General Prem Tinsulanon. Previously Prem was vilified by Red Shirts and even Taksin, for being the supposed “master mind” of the 2006 coup. But recently Yingluk has also been posing for photos with Prem as one of his “best friends”. In the interview with Taksin (just before the 11th minute), Taksin says that Prem “never gets involved with politics”. He ends his interview by saying, in a roundabout manner that he hopes to return to Thailand with the King’s best wishes.
The Thai ruling class has used bloody violence against civilian protestors in 1973, 1976, 1992, 2004 and 2010. Every time they have given themselves amnesty. Taksin is hoping to return to Thailand by walking on the corpses of dead Red Shirts and spitting in the faces of the political prisoners. He is also aware that as Prime Minister in 2004, he is responsible for the deaths of nearly 90 un-armed protestors in the South.
While cuddling up to Prem and the Generals, Taksin and the Yingluk Government are now pretending that the political crisis was merely a dispute between supporters of Abhisit’s Democrat Party and supporters of Thai Rak Thai / Pua Thai. This is a gross re-writing of history. In fact the crisis eventually caused deep divisions in Thai society between those who wanted Democracy and those who supported constant military intervention and restrictions in the right to vote and freedom of speech. A phoney parliamentary play is now being acted out between Pua Thai and the Democrats in order to deflect Red Shirt attention from the agreement between Pua Thai and the Military. The reality is that the Democrat Party was never the main agent of the dictatorship. It only formed a government in 2008 at the behest of the powerful Military. In his interview Taksin also distorted political facts by claiming that the election victory of Pua Thai showed that the majority of Thais wanted reconciliation where the Military and Democrat Party killers of 2010 would not go to jail.
By tying themselves too closely with the Pua Thai Government, the national Red Shirt movement (UDD) has ceased to be an independent social movement for democracy and its main role today is to de-mobilise the Red Shirts while the elites come to a compromise in order to protect their status quo.